Variación del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y su relación con las enfermedades metabólicas / Changes in lipid profile during pregnancy and their association with metabolic disorders

Introducción: En el embarazo se producen numerosos cambios fisiológicos en las gestantes los cuales pueden llegar a desencadenar potenciales complicaciones y enfermedades cardiovasculares o metabólicas tales como hipertensión gestacional, hiperlipidemia y diabetes mellitus gestacional.Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura con objeto de evaluar la relación entre las variaciones del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares.Métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices del modelo PRISMA en la que se incluyeron 22 artículos. Los descriptores empleados incluyeron marcadores del perfil lipídico (HDL, LDL, TG y CT) y las principales patologías metabólicas y cardiovasculares. El idioma se restringió a español e inglés. La revisión fue llevada a cabo durante el año 2019.Resultados: Niveles elevados de colesterol total, LDL y triglicéridos durante el embarazo se asocian con un mayor riesgo de padecer preeclampsia y diabetes mellitus gestacional. Un mayor índice de masa corporal pre gestacional y una mayor ganancia ponderal se relacionan con mayor tasa hiperlipidemia lo cual conlleva a su vez alteraciones vasculares.Conclusiones: Se hace patente la necesidad de reforzar el control preventivo del peso materno trimestral y del perfil lipídico durante la gestación con objeto de prevenir complicaciones del embarazo. Son necesarios estudios centrados en determinados resultados adversos perinatales tales como la macrosomía del recién nacido.(AU)

Background: Various changes occur during pregnancy that, when exacerbated, could progress to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders such as gestational hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gestational diabetes mellitus.Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature that evaluates the association between changes in lipid profile during pregnancy and the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.Methods: We conducted a PRISMA systematic review of scientific databases. A total of 22 articles were finally included. Used search terms consisted of lipid profile biomarkers (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol) in combination with the most important metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Language was restricted to Spanish and English. The review was conducted during 2019.Results: High levels of total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides during pregnancy were found to be associated with increased risk of developing preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Higher pre-gestational BMI and elevated gestational weight gain were associated with increase rates of hyperlipidemia which is closely related to vascular pathologies.Conclusions: Fostering routine control of maternal weight during all trimesters of gestation and monitoring the lipid profile throughout pregnancy is necessary to prevent pregnancy adverse outcomes. New studies focused on specific perinatal outcomes such as neonatal macrosomia are required.(AU)

Associations of Vitamin D Deficiency, Parathyroid hormone, Calcium, and Phosphorus with Perinatal Adverse Outcomes. A Prospective Cohort Study.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to perinatal adverse outcomes. Studies conducted to date have recommended assessing interactions with other vitamin D-related metabolites to clarify this subject. We aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency during early pregnancy with preterm birth. Secondary outcomes included low birth weight and small for gestational age. Additionally, we explored the role that parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus could play in the associations. We conducted a prospective cohort study comprising 289 pregnant women in a hospital in Granada, Spain. Participants were followed-up from weeks 10-12 of gestation to postpartum. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus were measured within the first week after recruitment. Pearson's χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations between variables and outcomes. 36.3% of the participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone (ρ = -0.146, p = 0.013). Preterm birth was associated with vitamin D deficiency in the multivariable model, being this association stronger amongst women with parathyroid hormone serum levels above the 80th percentile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.587, 95% CI (2.049, 21.176), p = 0.002). Calcium and phosphorus were not associated with any studied outcome. Combined measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone could be a better estimator of preterm birth than vitamin D in isolation.

Efecto de los probióticos como tratamiento alternativo para la mastitis humana / Effect of probiotics as an alternative treatment for human mastitis

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto del uso de los probióticos en relación a la mastitis, así como conocer la dosis adecuada de los probióticos y la semana ideal de gestación para que surja el efecto deseado. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, con una cadena de búsqueda y unos filtros de acuerdo a cada una de las distintas bases. También, se realizó una búsqueda inversa a raíz de los resultados obtenidos. Se han aplicado criterios de inclusión y exclusión en la selección de los artículos. En cuanto a los resultados y según la evidencia actual se puede decir que el uso de probióticos como tratamiento alternativo a la mastitis humana podría resultar eficaz ya que existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la reducción de la carga bacteriana. En lo referente a la dosis y semana ideal de gestación para la administración de probióticos, se ha podido comprobar distintas dosis y semanas que han surtido efecto; pero sin poder concretar cuáles son las más efectivas e ideales

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the use of probiotics in relation to mastitis, as well as to know the adequate dose of probiotic and the ideal week of gestation so that the desired effect appears. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, with a search string and filters according to each of the different bases. Also, an inverse search was performed to the root of the results obtained. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied in the selection of articles. Regarding the results and according to current evidence, it can be said that the use of probiotics as an alternative treatment to human mastitis could be effective since there is a statistically significant difference in the reduction of bacterial load. Regarding the dose and the ideal week of gestation for the administration of probiotics, different doses and weeks have been determined that have taken effect; but without being able to specify problems they are the most effective and ideal

Quality of life during pregnancy and its influence on oral health: a systematic review / Calidad de vida durante el embarazo y su influencia en la salud bucal: una revisión sistemática

Abstract: Objective: To perform a systematic review of scientific literature on the impact of oral health on the quality of life of pregnant women. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was carried out and 16 specific articles/studies on the subject were selected. Results: Pregnant women's quality of life (QoL) is related to age, number of pregnancies, pain, difficulty eating and presence of dental caries. Quality of life was directly related to oral health. Conclusions: It was found that most studies associating QoL and oral health during pregnancy were cross-sectional and observational; therefore, for a better understanding of these impacts, performing longitudinal studies from the beginning of pregnancy until postpartum is necessary. The need for preventive oral health counseling and dental care assistance during pregnancy is highlighted.

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre el impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas. Métodos: Se lleva a cabo una búsqueda sistemática y se seleccionaron 16 artículos específicos sobre el tema, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: La calidad de vida (CdV) en la embarazada está relacionado con la edad, número de embarazos, dolor, dificultad para comer y presencia de caries. La calidad de vida se relacionó directamente con la salud oral. Conclusiones: A través de esta revisión se encontró que la mayoría de los estudios que relacionaban la CdV y la salud oral durante la gestación fueron de corte observacional transversal, por ello para una mejor comprensión de estos impactos, es necesario realizar estudios longitudinales desde el comienzo del embarazo hasta el posparto. Se destaca la necesidad de asesoramiento de salud oral preventiva y una ruta de atención dental durante el embarazo.